Criminal Adaptations
Criminal Adaptations is a True Crime/Movie Review Podcast discussing some of your favorite films, and the true crime stories that inspired them. With hosts Remi, who spent over a decade working in the film and television industry, and Ashley, a clinical psychologist and forensic evaluator. They discuss a new movie each week and compare the film to the real life events that the film is based on.
Criminal Adaptations
Judith Barsi: The Land Before Time & All Dogs Go To Heaven (Bonus Episode)
What if the bright lights of Hollywood couldn't mask the darkest shadows of a child's life? This episode takes you on an emotional journey through the brief, yet impactful life of Judith Barsi, whose voice as Ducky in The Land Before Time and Anne-Marie in All Dogs Go to Heaven still resonates with audiences today. In this special bonus episode, Ashley and Remi highlight Judith’s quick rise to fame, the murder-suicide orchestrated by her father in July 1988, and the lasting impact her death had on everyone who knew her. Grab your tissues because this one is guaranteed to be a tearjerker.
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Hello, hello, you should come out, you should. You are late. Yes, you are. Yep, yep, yep.
Remi:Welcome to Criminal Adaptations, the show where we usually take a look at some of your favorite films and the true crime stories that inspired them. But this week we are going to be taking a break from our usual format for this very special bonus episode about the life and death of child star Judith Barsi.
Ashley:Before we get started, we want to warn our listeners that we will be delving into some pretty sensitive content during this episode, including domestic abuse and familicide involving a small child, so listener discretion is advised.
Remi:Judith Barsi was a child actress primarily known for her voice work as little orphan Anne-Marie in All Dogs Go to Heaven and the lovable big mouth dinosaur Ducky in the original A Land Before Time, which you all just heard a little clip of during the beginning of this episode. Sadly, Judith Barsi's life was cut short at just 10 years old when she was tragically murdered by her own father before either film was even released.
Ashley:This is a story we were both semi-aware of before deciding to do this, but after discovering some additional background information on a particular scene in All Dogs Go to Heaven that neither of us have been able to watch since without breaking down into tears, we wanted to know more about her life and share what we learned with all of you. We will be going into detail about the specific tearjerker scene closer to the end of this episode, but before that, let's start at the very beginning.
Remi:Judith Barsi's parents, Joseph Barsi and Maria Virovic, were Hungarian immigrants who separately fled to America after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, an ultimately unsuccessful nationwide uprising against the Soviet-backed government and its imposed policies.
Remi:Maria was from a rural southern university town and Joseph was raised in a much rougher industrial area. Little else is known about their life prior to their marriage, but Joseph likely had a traumatic upbringing, as he rarely spoke about his childhood and often told his friends he didn't have parents. He also claimed to have lost vision in his eye from a bar fight in New York in which he killed someone and served time. However, there is no record of this. It appears as though he was arrested three times, all of which were for drunk driving. The couple met at a popular Hungarian restaurant in California where Maria worked as a waitress. Joseph spent his days drinking alone at the bar, which should have been a red flag, but Maria was nevertheless intrigued by the fact that he never paid his tab with anything less than a $100 bill. Once married, Joseph continued working as a contract plumber, a profession he kept even after Judith's acting career started taking off.
Ashley:Judith, the couple's first and only child, was born in Los Angeles on June 6, 1978. Maria started preparing Judith for a career in Hollywood when her daughter was just five years old, teaching her lessons in poise, posture and voice, although the odds were against her daughter ever making it as a movie star. It only took six months for Judith to be discovered by a director who just so happened to notice her at a San Fernando Valley skating rink in 1983. As luck would have it, judith and her mother were there on the very same day. A commercial was being filmed and the crew mistook Judith for a three-year-old. She was hired on the spot and made her commercial debut in an advertisement for Donald Duck orange juice not long after.
Judith Barsi:Ever since mom and dad found out that Donald Duck is 100% pure orange juice, they've been acting kind of funny. I mean, I know it tastes good, but really, oh, and a giant green gorilla drank it all up. Oh, please, we don't know what to do with them anymore. Oh well, maybe it's just a phase.
Remi:And she is just the cutest little girl in the world in these commercials she is incredibly precious and this is a sentiment we're going to be echoing throughout this entire episode.
Ashley:We have watched a YouTube video that had all of her commercials and in every single one we were just smiling from ear to ear at about how adorable she is, and there's also something really just heartwarming about a child saying lines that are typically only said by adults, like in this one, when she's like I know it's good, but come on, or whatever it is. It's just she's so cute. And I had never heard of Donald Duck orange juice, have you?
Remi:Yeah, I used to have Donald Duck orange juice way back in the day. I don't think it's made anymore, but I definitely remember having Donald Duck orange juice when I was a little kid.
Ashley:I feel, robbed.
Remi:It didn't take long for Judith's commercial career to take off, and she would later appear in 72 commercials, often in a main role, for huge corporations like McDonald's, jif, peanut Butter, barbie, mattel, kfc and even Lay's Potato Chips.
Judith Barsi:Classic pickles sure taste good. Huh, mm-hmm, you gonna eat yours.
Dad:Uh, yeah sure.
Judith Barsi:I really like classic pickles, Dad Mm, I like them too. Uh, Katie, do you want my pickle? No, not if you're gonna eat it.
Dad:Not if uh okay.
Judith Barsi:Dad, when are you gonna eat that pickle?
Ashley:We just had to include that because it's Remy's favorite of all of her commercials.
Remi:I love that commercial so much and her line delivery of dad when are you gonna eat that pickle? Is just amazing. It is so cute. Judith made her television debut in Fatal Vision. Judith made her television debut in Fatal Vision, a 1984 true crime drama miniseries based on a novel by the same name. Hauntingly given what happened just four years later. The story involves a retiree who spends nine years relentlessly seeking to prove his son-in-law. A former Green Beret Army doctor murdered his pregnant wife and two daughters, one of whom was played by Judith.
Ashley:Judith began making appearances on several other popular television shows of the time, such as Growing Pains, cheers, the Fall Guy, remington Steel and the Twilight Zone. In 1986, judith landed her first feature film role in Eye of the Tiger, starring Gary Busey, who is depicted holding Judith on the poster art for the film. Despite her growing success, her family was still on welfare because Joseph outright refused to let Maria get a job. Unsurprisingly, judith's attendance in school was negatively affected by her ever-growing work schedule. Yet her agent, ruth Hansen, always described her as a bubbly, happy little girl whenever she worked on set. Though Maria was heavily involved in Judith's career, she still did her best to give her daughter a normal and happy childhood and often prepared many of Judith's favorite Hungarian meals for her to eat on set and at school.
Remi:Meanwhile, as Judith's star continued to rise, her father, joseph, had fallen deeper into the throes of alcohol addiction, leading to anger and repeated threats to kill himself and his entire family. Joseph's behavior became increasingly hostile whenever he drank, which became more and more frequent over the past several months. Having always been insecure about his Hungarian accent, joseph's growing paranoia caused him to lash out at people he thought were making fun of him. In one such incident, he even threatened a man with a two-by-four who he believed was snickering at him behind his back. This physical violence continued as Judith confided to a friend that her father threw pots and pans at her, which resulted in a nosebleed. With the trauma of Joseph's ongoing abuse, judith gained weight and began demonstrating increasingly compulsive behaviors such as biting her fingernails and pulling out her own eyelashes.
Ashley:We also read that she was pulling out her cat's whiskers, not because she was trying to harm the cat, but my theory is that these compulsive behaviors were a way for her to express her anxiety because, even though she is this great actor and can read lines, she's still so young and doesn't have the capacity yet to really illustrate her pain verbally to the adults in her life. In December 1986, maria reported Joseph to the police for repeatedly threatening to murder her over the past five years, choking her and beating her in the face. After the police found no signs of physical abuse, maria declined to press any charges. Thankfully now a lot of states have policies where if the police do respond to a domestic disturbance complaint, then someone has to be arrested, if at the very minimum to at least separate them to allow for further investigation.
Ashley:Following this event, joseph reportedly quit drinking but continued to verbally terrorize his family. He reportedly made threats to slit his family's throat and burn down the house with everyone still inside. Joseph also became bitter that his own daughter was now earning more money than he ever had and even destroyed a kite Judith was given as a gift from her mother right in front of her, while calling Judith a spoiled brat who didn't deserve new toys. Contrary to his actions, joseph still claimed to highly value his family and even told his brother-in-law that if his family life was gone, then life just wouldn't be worth living. He also reportedly even hid a telegram to his wife regarding a relative of hers back in Hungary who died, in order to prevent Maria and Judith from having any reason to leave the United States without him. Additionally, joseph now held a deep-seated resentment towards Maria after her refusal to forgive him for his years of drunken abuse. After being sober for nearly two years and of course she wasn't forgiving him he was still terrorizing this family every day.
Remi:In all of the research I did, joseph has literally zero redeeming qualities in my opinion. Literally zero redeeming qualities in my opinion. This guy is a complete piece of shit who should never have had a family to begin with.
Ashley:When you first said that, I thought, well, at least he was working as a plumber. But the fact that the family still had to go on welfare while he was doing this suggests that he wasn't working that often. Because trades like that, they usually make a lot of money and do have like a constant stream of work coming in. Like if your toilet shower anything like that breaks down, most people can't fix it. Those things are constantly happening and need a plumber.
Remi:But he was a contract plumber, meaning he was not working every day. He was being hired on whenever they needed somebody, so he was not employed on a daily basis. He was working whenever he could, basically.
Ashley:Well, and as a contractor he would have to accept the job. So that's kind of what I meant, the fact that they were still on welfare, even though he should have been theoretically had a lot of job opportunities. I suspect that his drinking was kind of getting in the way of more than just his relationships with his family and also his legal history.
Remi:Judith's next big break came in 1987 when she was cast in the Michael Caine classic Jaws the Revenge. But according to a family member, just before Judith left LA to begin filming in the Bahamas, joseph pulled a knife on her, threatening that if she didn't return he would slit her throat. Although he was upset about his family's departure, he still refused a free airline ticket to visit Judith and Maria during the two-month shoot. Lance Guest, the actor who played Judith's father, later described Maria as nervous but Judith as adorable and lovely to work with. After filming wrapped, judith and her mother briefly stayed with some friends in New York until Judith received a phone call from Joseph reminding her of his previous threat. A phone call from Joseph reminding her of his previous threat causing her to retreat to her room and cry.
Ashley:Not long after Maria and Judith returned to their home in the San Fernando Valley, but the family reunion was far from a happy one. Joseph had started drinking again and began tightening his control on Judith, while being perpetually angry at his wife, alternating between threats of killing her or himself and their child, while leaving Maria alive to suffer alone. Judith was well aware of her chaotic and increasingly unsafe home life. One night, while she was at a friend's house, she said she was afraid to go home because quote Daddy is miserable, drunk every day and I know he wants to kill my mother.
Remi:By the time, Judith was nine years old and had started the fourth grade. She was earning an estimated $100,000 a year, which is the equivalent to just over $266,000 today when adjusted for inflation. This additional income allowed for the family to buy a three-bedroom house in the West Hills of LA. At just 3'8", Judith was noticeably smaller for her age, so she was mainly cast in roles playing children several years younger than she actually was. At one point, Judith was even getting hormone injections from UCLA in an attempt to help stimulate her growth.
Ashley:By May 1988, judith's manager, ruth, began to realize just how bad things had gotten at home when, during an audition for an animated feature, judith started crying so hard she could barely speak.
Ashley:At Ruth's insistence, judith was taken to a psychologist who called Child Protective Services after their first session to file a report about the physical and emotional abuse Judith had sustained. Cps did contact Maria, but she insisted she was planning on starting divorce proceedings and already rented an apartment in Panorama City which she planned on using as a daytime safe haven away from Joseph. As a result, the CPS case was closed without any further investigation. Maria and Judith would spend their days staying at this apartment, but then they would return to their other house in the West Hills to spend evenings with Joseph. To not arouse any suspicion, maria was still hesitant to fully leave, as she was worried about losing her house and all of her and her daughter's belongings in the process. She was also understandably scared about how her husband would take the news. Finally, after much encouragement from her friends and family, maria said she would move out of the neighborhood sometime after Judith's upcoming birthday.
Remi:Judith was last seen riding her bike on the morning of July 25th 1988, two months after she had turned 10 years old. She would later miss an appointment that day at Hanna-Barbera Productions, the production company responsible for such iconic cartoons as Scooby-Doo, the Jetsons and the Flintstones. When Judith's agent Ruth called Joseph inquiring about his daughter's absence, he claimed a big car came by and took her and her mother to San Diego. During a subsequent call between the two the following day, joseph said he would be moving out of the house but wanted to wait for Judith to get home from her trip first so that he could say goodbye. At around 8.30 am on Wednesday, july 28, 1988, a neighbor called the police reporting the sound of a gunshot originating from the Barsi home. By the time the police arrived, the Barsi house was on fire with three bodies still inside. These were later identified as 10-year-old Judith, 48-year-old Maria and 55-year-old Joseph. Judith's body was discovered lying in bed next to a pink TV Joseph bought for her as an apology gift for pulling her hair.
Remi:It was determined that Joseph shot his wife and daughter first, later setting the house on fire using gasoline, before proceeding to shoot himself in the garage. Although this is unconfirmed, it is theorized that Joseph murdered his family after learning of Maria's plan to move out and divorce him. Judith's Jaws Revenge co-star, lance Guest, served as one of Judith's pallbearers during her funeral, and Judith's best friend continued to feed her cats for several months until they were finally rehomed. Any of her toys that survived the fire were donated to a local goodwill.
Ashley:As we mentioned in the intro, judith is most known for her work in the beloved children's films the Land Before Time and All Dogs Go to Heaven, both of which were released after her death. During the production of An American Tale, director Don Bluth, who is also responsible for the Secret Life of Nim, began talking to Steven Spielberg about making a movie similar to Bambi, but with dinosaurs. Being the dino fan we all know him to be, spielberg obviously loved the idea and called up longtime friend George Lucas, who agreed to join him as an executive producer on the film. Bluth, spielberg and Lucas originally wanted the film to have no dialogue, but the idea was scrapped in favor of using primarily child actors to voice the main characters, so the film would be more appealing to kids. Judith provided the voice for the lovable green serilophus Ducky. The Land Before Time went on to become the highest-grossing animated film of all time until the Little Mermaid was released the following year.
Judith Barsi:Hello. I said hello.
Ducky:What is your name? Maybe you cannot talk yet. Huh Huh?
Littlefoot:Don't you know anything? Long necks don't talk to, whatever you are.
Ducky:Me, I'm a long neck too, see, and I have a long tail like you. All right, I'm not a long neck, I'm a big mouth, but I am all alone, I am.
Ashley:Remy, what was your relationship with Land Before Time growing up as a kid?
Remi:I love this movie. This movie had a huge impact on me and I had all of the Pizza Hut figures. I was such a fan of this. I didn't see any of the sequels because I didn't really want to, but the original film still holds up and it's really good. We watched it the other night and it is dark for a children's film, but it's amazing. It is a really, really emotional, well-told children's tale. In my opinion.
Ashley:Same. I remember watching the first one and I think I did see the second one when I was a kid and I didn't remember much going in to the rewatch, but I still knew exactly what was going to happen, like I knew how they were all going to meet, that they got separated from their parents. I knew Littlefoot's mom dies and it is just the saddest scene. We both got teary eyed during it. It is so intense.
Remi:Yeah, we almost cried during the mother scene in the film. It is incredibly powerful and very, very raw and real, in my opinion, for a movie with children dinosaurs.
Ashley:Well, and something else we noticed was how much Lion King stole from this. Like throughout the whole movie, littlefoot is being guided to the Great Valley by his mom and even talks to her in the clouds, and it's just like Mufasa and Simba. It's the exact same.
Remi:I do think that other films have taken a little bit from this. I know it is based on Bambi, but in my opinion I think this film is more powerful than Bambi ever was. Bambi had one scene. I think this whole movie is incredibly emotional and still holds up today. If you have children, it is dark, but I do think it is an incredibly well-made, brilliant children's film. Don Bluth started writing his next picture, All Dogs Go to Heaven, immediately after A Land, Before Time was completed. He had adored working with Judith so much that he based the character of Anne-Marie in All Dogs Go to Heaven off of her, including the character's design and mannerisms. Anne-marie was also the first human character to ever make an appearance in a Don Bluth film, and the song Love Survives, which plays during the film's closing credits, is dedicated to Judith's memory.
Scene from All Dogs Go to Heaven:Beyond our lives. I feel those times Growing stronger. Love survives. The tears may cry. Yes, love survives it all.
Remi:Ashley, we watched All Dogs Go to Heaven just the other night in preparation for this podcast. What are your thoughts on the more recent rewatch?
Ashley:So All Dogs Go to Heaven is not my favorite Don Bluth film. I much prefer A Land Before Time and American Tail. I love American Tail and we also randomly watched A Secret Life of Nim, I think last year or so, because I had never seen it, and it's also dark and amazing. I also love Thumbelina, which you haven't seen, but I'm going to make you watch it.
Remi:You're probably not going to like it as much of the others, but we are watching a lot of Don Bluth movies in preparation for this podcast.
Ashley:But I do, like All Dogs, go to Heaven. It has so many wild adult themes. They just don't make child movies like this anymore. There is gambling and drinking and hell and manipulation and unlawful behavior left and right. There is murder.
Remi:Gambling Mobsters. It is not a children's film that you would ever see today, really dealing with some very heavy themes of death and mortality, and it has some similarities to. It's a Wonderful Life where a person is forced to look back on their ways, and I do agree that A Land Before Time is a much more emotional, better film than this one. But I always loved this movie when I was younger. It is a very dark film watching as an adult, but I still think it is very good. The alligator part is still odd, that that comes out of nowhere. But overall I think again, don Bluth captures a lot of dark themes and really emotional elements in his extremely short films. Both of these films were less than an hour and a half.
Ashley:Well, and I will say, knowing what we now know about the end scene, the very final scene of All Dogs Go to Heaven, that, Remy, you're going to talk about here in a minute, I look at this film differently.
Remi:The ending scene is just phenomenal and heartbreaking and moving and it really elevates this movie heartbreaking and moving and it really elevates this movie, and we will be discussing that scene in more detail later, but it basically is the scene that inspired this entire bonus episode During filming of All Dogs Go to Heaven, actor Burt Reynolds, who provided the voice of the film's main mutt, Charlie B Barkin.
Ashley:Which is the best name for a dog in any movie that has ever existed.
Remi:Totally agree. Yes, I love the name. Well, he insisted on recording many of his scenes live in the studio with the other actors in order for their characters' dialogue to sound much more natural. Though not unheard of at the time, most animated films record the voice actors' lines separately, alone in a recording booth, to minimize any potential sound issues or distractions, but many actors believe that performing a scene collaboratively can greatly improve the quality of their work. As a result, barsi and Reynolds became extremely close as they recorded many of their lines together. Anne-marie does have one musical number in the film, in a song called Soon You'll Come Home, which is about the characters longing for a happy and loving family. Now we are going to play you all two clips from the film, and you may notice that Anne-Marie's singing voice sounds quite a bit different than her speaking voice.
Anne- Marie:This is the most beautiful house I've ever seen.
Wallet Family:Well, thank you, anne-marie. Where do you live?
Anne- Marie:I live with Charlie. He's my dog.
Wallet Family:Oh, but what about your parents?
Anne- Marie:I don't have any parents.
Wallet Family:Then where do you stay?
Anne- Marie:With With
Wallet Family:Oh my
Lana Beeson:Let's pretend that you're far away. Let's say you write to me and you promise in your letter that you'll come home. Come home to my heart
Ashley:These differences are because a different actress named Lana Beeson was brought in to sing the songs as Judith broke down crying about her home life whenever she tried to sing it and the filmmakers wisely decided not to push her. She tried to sing it and the filmmakers wisely decided not to push her. Although all the dialogue was finished by the time Judith was murdered, Burt Reynolds asked to re-record his dialogue of their final scene together. This recording session took place in a completely closed studio, meaning it was just him and the audio engineer, with Reynolds delivering his lines while staring at a photograph of Judith, using his performance as a chance to say a final goodbye to his young friend whose life had barely just begun.
Anne- Marie:Oh, charlie.
Charlie:Yeah, it's me how you feeling kid,
Anne- Marie:okay, how are you
Charlie:Well, I, come to say goodbye.
Anne- Marie:Where are you going?
Charlie:Ah, it's not a little trip. Listen, squeaker, I want you to do something for me, all right?
Anne- Marie:Uh-huh,
Charlie:I want you to take care of Itchy, you know, just while I'm gone. You got a home now and he doesn't have anybody.
Anne- Marie:Don't worry, charlie, I will.
Charlie:great. Well, goodbye, little buddy.
Anne- Marie:Oh, charlie, I'll miss you.
Charlie:Yeah, I'll miss you too, squeaker. Now you go to sleep.
Anne- Marie:Charlie. Will I ever see you again?
Charlie:Sure, sure, you will kid you know, goodbyes aren't forever.
Anne- Marie:Then. Goodbye, charlie, I love you.
Charlie:Yeah, I love you too.
Remi:This is the clip that inspired this entire episode, and we just rewatched it now. It's my fourth time seeing it, I think in the past month, and it still brought a tear to my eye. Knowing the backstory, it is so fucking sad.
Ashley:We literally watched this movie yesterday and I cried during it. Then I cried when you first showed me or first told me about this story and we watched the clip without having really much memory about the whole movie, just knowing how he was filming this just in the studio, with just him and one other person looking at a photo of her and really using it as a chance to say goodbye. It's just so, so, so sad and I still can't get through it without crying. It is just devastating.
Remi:I was watching it the other day or we were watching it the other day and again I know it's coming. I know all the lines and the dialogue and everything. I saw this movie when I was a little kid. I've seen this movie a bunch of times, but knowing this backstory to it just added so much weight to this scene and last night I was even staring at it as blankly as I could and tears still began streaming down my face. Even watching the clip just now, I got chills and started tearing up.
Remi:And this episode is, like I said, inspired by this scene. And I had read online about the background story to this scene a little while back and watched it early morning and I had such an emotional reaction that I brought it up to Ashley and said this is a very moving, tragic story that should be told. Very moving, tragic story that should be told. Although this has never been confirmed and is something that Reynolds never publicly commented on, it is said that it took more than 60 takes for Reynolds to get through the entire scene without breaking down, and who can honestly blame him? If you listen closely, you can actually hear his voice breaking at least twice during the scene.
Ashley:I think it's both times that Charlie like clears his throat. I think that's him like the final goodbye yeah. Him trying to like get his composure together, and you can hear it he does audibly clear his throat two times in this.
Remi:And that's the part that always gets me choked up, because you can feel the emotion in those few words that he says. Reynolds and Bluth were heartbroken after Judith's death and rarely spoke about it. Bluth did describe Judith as being absolutely astonishing. She understood verbal direction even for the most sophisticated situations. He also remarked on the difficulty of finding child actors and how he had intended to continue to feature her extensively in future projects, the most noteworthy being Rockadoodle, thumbelina and Anastasia being Rockadoodle Thumbelina and Anastasia.
Ashley:I guarantee you she would have been Thumbelina and she would have been Anastasia, 100%. She would have been the perfect age.
Remi:I think we would have heard this girl's voice and possibly even seen her in several projects for years to come, if the tragedy had not occurred. In various interviews, reynolds emphasized the importance of caring for young actors and looking after their well-being for the remainder of his career, but he avoided speaking about Judith, with only one exception being the following quote Judith was a shining star and it is heartbreaking to think of what she could have achieved.
Ashley:Less than two months after her death, the CPS advisory board asked to review the Barsi file. Helen Kleinberg, a member of the board, was upset about how Judith's case had been handled, believing that she was the client and not her mother, Maria, meaning that the case should never have been closed based on Maria's request to handle the situation without their involvement. Additionally, Kleinberg specifically highlighted how there was less money set aside in the agency's budget to monitor children who remained in the home with a parent or related guardian. In response, several initiatives were launched to provide support for child actors and their families. These have focused on increasing awareness of domestic violence issues, advocating for mental health resources for young performers and offering support groups for families of child actors.
Remi:And in one final story of what could have been. While Steven Spielberg was planning his own groundbreaking dino film, jurassic Park in the early 1990s, he had one actress in mind for the role of tech-savvy teenager Lex, a young actress named Judith Barsi, whom he had met while producing A Land Before Time, had met while producing A Land Before Time. Unaware of Judith's tragic passing, spielberg only found out about her murder after trying to get in touch with Judith to discuss the role.
Ashley:Maria and Judith Barsi are buried in adjoining plots at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood. Judith's headstone reads Our Conquering Angel, followed by Ducky's famous line of yep, yep, yep.
Ducky:Yep, yep, yep.
Remi:Thank you for joining us for this week's special bonus episode, and if you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence or child abuse, help is available. Please call 1-800-799-SAFE or 800-422-4453 or your local authorities. Links to various support services are also available in the episode notes.